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Caffeine that deserves its place

Caffeine is the most widely used and researched performance-enhancing substance in sports. Its legal status, availability, and consistent effectiveness across various performance domains make it uniquely valuable for endurance athletes....

Body weight versus adequate fuel

Body weight and composition are topics that carry significant psychological weight in endurance sports. The benefits of lower weight in running—lower energy cost per kilometer, a better power-to-weight ratio—are real...

8-week bowel training program

Gut training means gradually teaching your stomach and intestines to tolerate increasing amounts of carbohydrates during exercise. It is one of the most research-backed performance-enhancing strategies in endurance sports, and...

Sciences united

This write-up summarises the key takeaways from the Science of series. It's the one page to return to if you want the evidence base for long-format ultra-fueling without reading the...