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Hydration without overdoing it

Endurance sports hydration advice has swung from one extreme to the other. The 1990s mantra of “drink as much as possible, drink before thirst” produced a wave of exercise-induced hyponatremia...

How heat slows down the intestines

Heat is one of the most significant environmental variables that impact gut function during endurance exercise. A runner who comfortably fuels in cool conditions can experience significant gastrointestinal distress at...

Does fructose really cause stomach problems?

Fructose has a complex reputation. In general nutrition discourse, it is associated with metabolic concerns. In sports nutrition, another concern arises: that fructose causes stomach problems. Both claims are more...

Do hydrogel-based gels live up to their promise

Hydrogel-based sports nutrition products have generated significant commercial interest and considerable scientific debate. A key claim is that alginate and pectin gel technology reduces gastrointestinal distress by encapsulating carbohydrate in...